Grammar

CURSO 2012-13

Unit 6 
 


Unit 5


Unit 4


Unit 3

 
Unit 2

Unit 1

 
Possessive adjectives

CURSO 2011-12
To be: past tense
Affirmative                      Negative                           Interrogative
    I was                      I was not (wasn't)                         Was I?
 You were               You were not (weren't)                 Were you?
   He  was                   He was not (wasn't)                    Was he?
  She was                  She was not (wasn't)                   Was she?
 We were                We were not (weren't)                 Were we?
They were             They were not (weren't)                 Were they?
 


There is / There are
                         +                        -                              ?
Singular            There is    a                  There isn't                        Is there..?
                                        an

Plural              There are  (some)       There aren't (any)         Are there (any)...?
 
CURSO 2010-11
Capital letters

We always use a Capital Letter for the first letter of a proper noun (name). This includes names of people, places, companies, days of the week and months. For example: 

     - They like John. (not They like john.) 

     - I live in England. 

     - She works for Sony.

     - The last day in January is a Monday.

     - We saw Titanic in the Odeon Cinema.
 

Proper nouns

Proper nouns are nouns that name a certain place, like New York City, a certain person, like Abraham Lincoln or an organization, like Wolkswagen. Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.

- names of months and days (Monday, September)

- titles of people (Dr. Samuel Smith, Ms. Linda Stevenson)

- names of books, newspapers, plays (Harry Potter, Daily News, Toy Story) 

are also proper nouns in English.

Common nouns  

A common noun is a noun that refers to a person, thing and place. For example: dog, house, picture, computer are common nouns but Toby, White House, Mona Lisa or Mackintosh aren’t. Common nouns are represented by lower-case letters. 

Singular - plural  ( s / es)                 

Singular nouns are nouns that name one person, one place or one thing. Example: cup, dog, toy.

Plural nouns are nouns that name more than one person, place, or thing.Example: cups, dogs, toys.

The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.

         lamp- lamps  cat -cats  fork - forks  flower - flowers  pen - pens
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es.

moss - mosses  bus - buses  box - boxes  flash - flashes   church - churches

A/an

We use a if the next word begins with a consonant SOUND. It’s

also used:       before  /ju/      example:  a university

                         before  < h > (when isn’t silent)     example:  a house

We use  an if the next word begins with a vowel SOUND. It’s

also used:      before   /u/      example:   an  uncle

                        before   <h> (when is silent)      example:  an hour

Pronouns

A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun. They are used

 to avoid repetitions. For example: Tom, Dick and Harry decided to

 go to the zoo. Then, Tom, Dick and Harry prepared the food and

 after that, Tom, Dick and Harry set off. We can replace “ Tom, Dick

 and Harry” by the pronoun they.

 These are the personal pronouns: 

               I (always in capital letters)

             you (for singular and plural)

             he

            she

              it

            we

           they

Object Pronouns

We put subject pronouns  before the verb (example: I play the

piano very well.) But object pronouns are located after the verb

or a preposition . (Example: I want to see him. Listen to  me.)

These are the object pronouns:   

                  me  (a mÍ)

                 you  (a tí)

                  him  (a él)

                  her   (a ella)

                   it     (a ello, neutro)

                  us     (a nosotros)

                 them (a ellos)

 Adjectives

 An adjective is a word that tell you more about the noun.  Adjectives are describing words.They  can tell you about size, color, number or kind of a noun. (Example: girl – pretty girl).

Adjectives usually come before the noun. You can use more than

one if you need to. (Ex: dirty old fat man)
Juego de antónimos (multijugadores)

Verb to be (ser, estar) 

         Affirmative                                     Negative                            Interrogative

I  am  (I’m)                              I am not   (I’m not)                          Am I?     You are  (You’re)                 You are not (You aren’t)                   Are you?

              He              (He’s)                      He                (He isn’t))                    Is he?

       She      is    (She’s)                   She    is  not  (She isn’t)                     Is she?

        It                (It’s)                        It                   (It isn’t))                         Is it?

We  are    (We’re)                   We are not   (We aren’t)               Are we?    They are   (They’re)               They are not (They aren’t)               Are they?

                    

Conjugating verbs  (present)   To   +   action words

-->

                  +                                              -                                                      ¿

              I play                                       I don’t play                             Do I play?

            You play                                 You don’t play                        Do you play?

             He                                            He                                                             he

            She      plays                           She    doesn’t play                 Does     she play?

              It                                              It     (does not)                                       it

             We play                                 We don’t play                        Do we play?

            They play                              They don’t play                      Do they play?

Compound words 
Compound words are words made of two (or more) shorter words joined together to form a new word.

  Examples: star + fish = starfish  /  sun + flower= sunflower